Body tissue containing stored fat. Testosterone influences the distribution of body fat and lean muscle mass.
Adrenal androgens are hormones produced by the adrenal glands. They contribute to the development of male traits and reproductive activity. These androgens include dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione.
An enzyme found in several tissues throughout the body, elevated levels can sometimes be seen in conditions affecting the liver, bone, or bile ducts.
The biochemical pathways involved in the natural production of androgens, including testosterone, within the body. This process occurs primarily in the testes, ovaries, and adrenal glands.
A condition characterized by lower than normal levels of androgens, especially testosterone, in the body.
A type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, such as testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.
Another term for testosterone replacement therapy, used to treat males with low levels of testosterone.
A common form of hair loss in both men and women, often referred to as male-pattern baldness when it occurs in males, which is linked to androgens and genetic factors.
Physiological effects of androgens like testosterone, including the development of male characteristics such as deep voice and facial hair.
A type of hormones that plays a role in male traits and reproductive activity, with testosterone being a primary androgen.
The medical specialty that deals with male health, particularly related to the problems of the male reproductive system and urological problems that are unique to men.
Sometimes referred to as male menopause, describing aging-related changes in male hormone levels, including testosterone.
A steroid hormone used by the body as a precursor to produce both testosterone and estrogen.
A condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues.
Medications that block the effects of androgens (male hormones) in the body, used in the treatment of prostate cancer, certain androgen-dependent conditions, and as part of hormone therapy for transgender women.
Drugs used to treat certain cancers and conditions associated with TRT by blocking the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens.
The absence of sperm in the semen, a condition that can lead to infertility. Testosterone levels can influence sperm production and may be a factor in the treatment of azoospermia.
The baseline level of testosterone in the body, typically measured in the morning when hormone levels are highest. These levels are important for diagnosing hypogonadism or evaluating the effectiveness of TRT.
A term referring to the comparison between the bioavailability of two pharmacologically equivalent but not identical products. In TRT, bioequivalence is important for ensuring different testosterone formulations deliver similar effects.
Refers to the dual action of a substance or treatment, where low and high doses can produce opposite effects. For testosterone, this can relate to its effects on mood, energy, and physiological processes.
The ratio of body fat to lean body mass, including muscles, bones, and organs. Testosterone plays a significant role in regulating body composition, promoting muscle growth and fat loss.
In the context of fitness and bodybuilding, bulking refers to gaining muscle mass, often aided by increased levels of testosterone or the use of anabolic steroids.
A test used to measure insulin production levels. While not directly related to testosterone, it can be relevant in the context of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, conditions associated with low testosterone levels.
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy. Testosterone is known to reduce catabolic processes in muscle tissue, promoting anabolism and growth.
A substance that's both a crucial building block for body cells and a precursor in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, including testosterone. Understanding cholesterol metabolism is important in managing TRT.
The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. Testosterone levels in the body also follow a circadian rhythm, typically peaking in the morning.
Custom-prepared testosterone formulations made by compounding pharmacies to meet specific patient needs not addressed by standard FDA-approved products.
A class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. While not directly related to testosterone, corticosteroids can affect overall hormone balance and health.
An enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. Levels can increase with muscle damage, and testosterone therapy has been associated with changes in creatine kinase levels, reflecting muscle metabolism.
A precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands, serving as a substrate for the production of testosterone and estrogen.
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, which can be influenced by testosterone levels.
A potent androgen derived from testosterone through the action of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, playing key roles in male development and health.
Any dysfunction of ejaculation, including premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, or anejaculation, which can sometimes be associated with testosterone levels.
Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormone) systems at certain doses, potentially affecting testosterone levels and function.
The network of glands that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream to control many of the body's important functions, including growth and development, metabolism, sexual function, and mood.
Also known as xenoestrogens, these are synthetic or natural chemical compounds that mimic estrogen and can disrupt the body's hormonal balance, potentially affecting testosterone levels.
The process by which enzyme activity is decreased or stopped, relevant to the metabolism of testosterone and the action of medications like 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.
An inactive epimer of testosterone, often measured in doping tests to detect the misuse of exogenous testosterone by comparing the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone in the urine.
A condition characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance, which can be related to low testosterone levels.
The process of red blood cell production, which testosterone can stimulate, sometimes used to treat anemia.
The primary female sex hormone, but it is also present in men. In men, it is produced as an active metabolic product of testosterone. The balance between testosterone and estradiol is important for male bone density, libido, and fertility.
A group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. They can also affect men's health, particularly in balance with testosterone.
A condition characterized by the lack of secondary sexual characteristics, often due to insufficient testosterone production during puberty.
A condition where intense physical training leads to lower levels of circulating testosterone, affecting libido, mood, and physical performance.
Testosterone that is produced outside of the body and administered for therapeutic purposes, as in testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).
A regulatory system that controls hormone levels, including testosterone, ensuring that they remain within a healthy range.
The natural capability to produce offspring, where testosterone levels play a significant role in male fertility, affecting sperm production and libido.
A medication used to treat conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hair loss, which works by inhibiting the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
A ratio used to estimate the amount of biologically active testosterone relative to total testosterone levels in the blood.
The fraction of testosterone that is not bound to proteins in the blood and is available to tissues, playing a critical role in physiological processes.
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in controlling the reproductive processes, including the regulation of testosterone production in men.
A condition where the testes produce insufficient levels of testosterone not due to a direct testicular disorder but as a result of obesity, metabolic syndrome, or other external factors.
Globulins are a diverse group of blood proteins essential for immunity, blood clotting, and transporting substances like hormones.
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones involved in regulating glucose metabolism, reducing inflammation, and controlling immune responses.
Gonadorelin is a synthetic analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, used diagnostically and to treat fertility issues.
Gonadotropin inhibitors are drugs or substances that reduce the production of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland.
A hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
Gonadotropins are hormones, including LH and FSH, that stimulate the testes and ovaries, playing a key role in reproductive health and hormone production.
A hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration, interacting with testosterone to influence body composition.
Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast tissue, commonly caused by an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels.
Hematocrit levels indicate the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood, a key metric for assessing blood health, oxygen transport capacity, and identifying conditions like anemia or polycythemia.
Hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage or injury resulting from exposure to toxic substances, medications, or excessive alcohol consumption, impairing liver function.
Homeostasis is the body's ability to regulate internal conditions like temperature, pH, and hormone levels, ensuring stability for optimal functioning.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) offers relief from the challenges of hormonal decline or imbalance, such as menopausal symptoms in women and low testosterone levels in men, enhancing overall well-being and health.
Hormone Therapy, a crucial treatment for hormonal imbalances, involves supplementing or replacing hormones to address deficiencies or regulate hormone levels, enhancing patient well-being and managing symptoms of conditions like menopause, hypogonadism, and thyroid disorders.
As a reproductive hormone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) plays a key role in promoting ovulation and the natural production of testosterone, aiding in both female and male fertility treatments.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic condition where blood force against artery walls is consistently high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems.
Hypertrophy involves the enlargement of tissues or organs, resulting from the increase in cell size, commonly observed in muscle cells due to exercise or hormonal influences.
Hypogonadism, or low testosterone. It impacts sexual function, mood, and body composition, and requires medical evaluation.
The HPG axis is a critical hormone regulation system linking the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads, overseeing reproductive health and the synthesis of sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen.
The hypothalamus is a crucial brain area responsible for regulating vital bodily functions, including hormone secretion, body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, mood, and the reproductive system, through its influence on the pituitary gland.
Hypothyroidism is characterized by the underproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to a slowdown in metabolic processes and affecting overall health.
Insulin, produced by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in managing blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, serving as a key component in metabolism and energy generation. Its balance is essential for maintaining health, with imbalances leading to conditions such as diabetes.
Intramuscular injections are a method of administering medication directly into muscle tissue, ensuring the drug is absorbed slowly and steadily into the bloodstream, providing a reliable means of delivering treatments, including hormones like testosterone for TRT.