Gynecomastia is a condition characterized by the benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue in males, resulting in breast enlargement. This condition can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly, and can occur at any age. Gynecomastia is often the result of an imbalance between estrogen (which promotes breast tissue growth) and testosterone levels in the body. Various factors can contribute to this hormonal imbalance, including puberty, aging, the use of certain medications (such as anti-androgens, anabolic steroids, and some psychiatric drugs), recreational drug use (marijuana, alcohol), and health conditions that affect hormone levels (such as liver disease, kidney failure, and thyroid disorders). While gynecomastia can sometimes resolve on its own, especially if caused by temporary changes in hormone levels, persistent or bothersome cases may require medical intervention. Treatment options include medication to address the underlying hormonal imbalance or surgery (such as liposuction or mastectomy) to remove excess breast tissue. Addressing any contributing factors, such as medication use or underlying health conditions, is also crucial for effective management of gynecomastia.