Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is a key hormone in the regulation of the reproductive system, synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland, triggering it to release two crucial hormones into the bloodstream: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH and FSH then act on the gonads â the testes in males and the ovaries in females â stimulating them to produce sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen, respectively) and to initiate sperm and egg maturation. The release of GnRH is pulsatile, meaning it occurs in bursts, and the frequency and amplitude of these pulses play a critical role in the regulation of the reproductive system. For instance, in males, a steady, high-frequency pulsation of GnRH is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of LH and FSH, which in turn ensure regular testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Disruptions in GnRH secretion can lead to disorders of the reproductive system, such as delayed puberty or hypogonadism. GnRH analogs, which can either stimulate or suppress the pituitary's release of LH and FSH, are used therapeutically to manage conditions like prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty, by manipulating sex hormone levels.