Adrenal Androgens

Overview of Adrenal Androgens

Adrenal androgens are a group of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys. These hormones play a significant role in the development of male characteristics and reproductive activity. The primary adrenal androgens include dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS), as well as androstenedione.

Production and Age-Related Decline

The production of adrenal androgens starts at adrenarche, peaks in young adulthood, and declines with age. This decline, known as "adrenopause," is associated with various age-related changes and diseases. Levels of DHEA and DHEAS decrease significantly with age, leading to increased frailty, decreased cognitive function, and other aging symptoms. This decline is more pronounced in men than in women.

Biological Functions

DHEA and DHEAS are precursors to androgens and estrogens, thus playing a significant role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. These hormones also have various biological functions, including modulating immune response and acting as neurosteroids. Adrenal androgens contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty, such as facial hair and a deeper voice in males. They also play a role in maintaining libido and overall well-being.

Health Implications

The decline in adrenal androgens is linked to several health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, immune function impairment, and metabolic disorders. Understanding these hormones is important in the context of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), as they can impact overall androgen levels and influence the effectiveness of TRT. Monitoring adrenal androgens can help tailor treatment plans for optimal results.