Hypertrophy is a physiological condition characterized by an increase in the size of an organ or tissue through the enlargement of its constituent cells. In the context of muscle physiology, hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle size that results from intense physical activity, such as strength training. This form of hypertrophy, known as skeletal muscle hypertrophy, is mediated by anabolic processes that increase the synthesis of proteins within muscle cells, leading to greater muscle mass and strength. Testosterone plays a significant role in promoting muscle hypertrophy by enhancing protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown within muscle tissues. Beyond its application in sports and fitness, hypertrophy can also occur pathologically in other tissues, such as the heart, where it may indicate an adaptive or maladaptive response to increased workload or high blood pressure. Managing hypertrophy involves understanding its underlying causeâwhether it is a beneficial adaptation to exercise or a sign of underlying health issues requiring medical intervention.