Androgen deficiency is a medical condition resulting from below-normal levels of androgens, the male sex hormones, with testosterone being the most significant. This deficiency can occur in both men and women, but it is more commonly diagnosed and has more pronounced symptoms in men. Causes of androgen deficiency can vary and include genetic disorders, medical conditions affecting the testes or ovaries, pituitary gland disorders, and certain treatments or surgeries. Symptoms in men may include reduced sexual desire and activity, erectile dysfunction, decreased spontaneous erections, breast discomfort or enlargement, loss of body and facial hair, reduced muscle mass and strength, increased body fat, decreased bone density leading to osteoporosis, low energy levels, and mood swings. In women, symptoms can include a decrease in well-being, fatigue, and a reduced sense of vitality. Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to measure levels of testosterone and other hormones. Treatment typically focuses on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to restore normal testosterone levels, thereby alleviating symptoms and preventing long-term complications. The approach to treatment must be individualized, taking into account the patient's symptoms, overall health, and personal preferences. Monitoring for side effects and adjusting therapy as needed is an essential part of managing androgen deficiency.